{"id":24826,"date":"2025-11-25T15:48:35","date_gmt":"2025-11-25T15:48:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tobermore.co.uk\/professional\/?p=24826"},"modified":"2025-11-25T15:48:35","modified_gmt":"2025-11-25T15:48:35","slug":"how-to-specify-the-correct-permeable-paving-system-for-your-project","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tobermore.co.uk\/professional\/blog\/how-to-specify-the-correct-permeable-paving-system-for-your-project\/","title":{"rendered":"How to specify the correct permeable paving system for your project"},"content":{"rendered":"
To correctly specify a <\/span>permeable paving<\/span><\/a> system the following must be factored into the site water management plan:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n The overall site strategy will likely be a blend of permeable and impermeable systems. They must be <\/span>holistically<\/span> designed to ensure that water containment and drainage is managed within the plot of the building development.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n There is an increasing demand for sites to achieve SuDS (Sustainable Drainage System) compliance. SuDS takes a natural approach to managing rainwater. It does so in a way that reduces the risk of flooding, improves water quality and delivers a durable drainage system. Permeable paving can drain rainwater at the point at which it falls, filtering out sediments and reducing pollutants. Therefore, specifying permeable block paving helps to mimic the natural drainage of open land and aids SuDS compliance.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n In England, SuDS can be recommended by planners but not enforced by law. Section 3 of the Flood and Water Management Act 2010 is designed to help with surface water management in urban areas. It was implemented in Wales in 2019 and in 2025 the government has stated it is strongly committed to requiring standardised SuDS in new developments. If Section 3 is eventually implemented in England, paving over 100 square metres will require approval from a sustainable drainage approval body (SAB), making permeable paving an attractive and cost-effective option for specifiers, and also a legislative requirement.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n The design of the sub base layer underneath <\/span>permeable block paving<\/span><\/a> can be altered to deliver different water infiltration strategies. The infiltration strategy required will depend upon the permeability of the ground beneath the sub base and\/or the need to contain all the water at source.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Surface water first drains through the joints of permeable block paving blocks. It then enters the sub base aggregate layer. Here, it can be held and slowly released or stored.\u00a0 There are three water infiltration strategies that permeable paving can provide:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n If the sub base is lined with permeable geotextile membranes, water is slowly released directly into the ground below. This directly mimics how rain falls on open ground. It provides total infiltration of rainwater. This can only be used where the ground is permeable enough to absorb the water draining through from the sub base.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n If the ground is unable to provide sufficient drainage for the volume of water retained by the sub base, a perforated collector pipe can be specified. The pipe is positioned at a height that will remove excess water to a different part of the drainage system.\u00a0 The water in the sub base below the pipe will be able to drain into the ground through the geotextile membrane.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n In this system, an impermeable membrane lines the aggregate of the sub base. This effectively creates a tank below the permeable block paving. The water is allowed to escape at a controlled rate by the placement of pipes. These pipes take the water to secondary storage or drainage systems. Tanked systems can be specified when the site plans require rainwater harvesting, or in areas where water could be contaminated and needs to be segregated for further treatment.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n When specifying permeable paving for different traffic categories, both the sub base depth and the laying pattern will need to be considered. <\/span>These factors help ensure the surface can support the expected loads.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Each traffic category describes the type of traffic to which a permeable paving system will be subjected. They are described in the standard BS 7533-13:2009\u00a0 \u2018Pavements constructed with concrete pavers: Guide for the design of permeable pavements constructed with concrete paving blocks and flags.\u2019<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n The categories can range from areas that are for pedestrian use only right through to roads that are in frequent use by heavy commercial vehicles. The laying patterns of the blocks and sub base specification are influenced by traffic categories.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Suitable laying patterns of permeable block paving by traffic category are <\/span>covered by British Standard: <\/span>BS 7533-13<\/span><\/a> \u2018Pavements constructed with clay, natural stone or concrete pavers \u2013 Guide for the design of permeable pavements constructed with concrete paving blocks and flags, natural stone slabs and setts and clay pavers.\u2019<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Laying Category<\/span><\/b> Pattern<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n A and B<\/span> Stretcher bond can be used<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n C, D, E and F<\/span> Herringbone must be used\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n The full list of categories for permeable paving are:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n As well as providing a holding area for rainwater, the sub base provides the foundation to support the permeable block paving. A 4\/20mm coarse graded aggregate to BS EN13242:2002 is used for the sub base. This provides the required support and has no fines that could clog the system and reduce its efficiency.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n The depth of the sub base will depend upon both the traffic category and the underlying soil strength.\u00a0 The depth and composition of the sub base should be determined by a suitably qualified ground engineer. For traffic categories C, D, E and F, a layer of DBM (Dense Bitumen Macadam) is added to increase structural support. This layer is cored before the laying course and blocks are installed.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n It is usually the case that the depth of the sub base for structural purposes will be greater than that required purely for water-retention purposes. This increases the water holding capacity of the sub base layer. Permeable paving is typically designed to accommodate a 1:100-year rainfall event.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Detailing the smooth transition between areas of permeable and impermeable paving is important to ensure the overall efficiency of site water management. Rainwater displaced from impermeable surfaces will add extra loading onto adjacent permeable paving. The sub base specification, depth and permeable infiltration system will need to be specified to handle the expected volume of water.<\/p>\n The example here shows the transition between permeable paving and sub base on one side of a flush kerb. The other side of the kerb is made up of non-permeable blocks on a non-permeable sub base.<\/p>\n Permeable paving can be specified on sloping sites that have a slope less than 1:20. There are various methods of slowing the water down to prevent ponding or flooding at the base of a slope. <\/span>A<\/span>reas of deeper subbase or concrete baffles \u2013 also known as check dams \u2013 can all effectively contain and slow the water.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Specialist advice should always be sought when designing permeable paving on sloping sites.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Service corridors should be designed to ensure that they are easily accessible and offer protection to the services below.<\/span> Wherever possible, avoid placing services within the permeable paving to reduce the need for excavation and reinstatement during future repairs or replacements. Instead, design the paving layout using a combination of permeable paving and conventional impermeable concrete block paving and confine services to the conventional pavement areas.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n \u200b<\/span><\/span>The correct design and specification of a permeable paving system can result in cost savings when compared to traditional tarmac alternatives, which can be more resource intensive because of the need for infrastructure they require. In addition, permeable systems require less maintenance. The UK guidelines require the infiltration rate of permeable paving surface joints to be 400mm an hour. This is only 10% of the actual rate of newly installed permeable paving. Allowing for medium and longer-term clogging, this represents a large, built-in safety factor. You can find out more about <\/span>maintenance requirements for permeable paving systems<\/span><\/a> in our guide.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n
\n
\n
How do the ground conditions affect the infiltration strategy specified?<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n
Full infiltration (Type A)<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n
<\/p>\nPartial Infiltration (Type B)<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n
<\/p>\nTanked infiltration (Type C)<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n
<\/p>\nHow can permeable paving be specified to support different traffic categories?<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n
<\/p>\nTraffic categories and permeable block paving laying patterns<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n
\n\n
\n\t \nCategory\/Application <\/th> No. of standard axles <\/th> Traffic Guide <\/th> Application <\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n\t A\/domestic <\/td> 0 <\/td> No large HGV <\/td> \u2022 Patios
\n\u2022 Private drives
\n\u2022 Decorative features
\n\u2022 Enclosed playgrounds
\n\u2022 Footways with zero overrun <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n\t B\/car parking <\/td> 100<\/td> Emergency vehicles only <\/td> \u2022 Car parking bays and aisles
\n\u2022 Railway station platforms
\n\u2022 External car showrooms
\n\u2022 Sports stadium pedestrian routes
\n\u2022 Footways with occasional overrun
\n\u2022 Private drives
\n\u2022 Footway crossover <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n\t C\/pedestrian <\/td> 0.015 msa <\/td> 1 large HGV\/week <\/td> \u2022 Town\/city pedestrian street
\n\u2022 Nursery access
\n\u2022 Parking areas to residential development
\n\u2022 Hotel parking
\n\u2022 Garden centre external displays
\n\u2022 Cemetery
\n\u2022 Airport car park (no bus pick-up)
\n\u2022 Sports centre <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n\t D\/shopping<\/td> 0.15 msa <\/td> 10 large HGV\/week <\/td> \u2022 Retail development delivery access route
\n\u2022 School\/college access route
\n\u2022 Office block delivery route
\n\u2022 Garden centre delivery route
\n\u2022 Deliveries to small residential development
\n\u2022 Fire station yard
\n\u2022 Airport car park with bus to terminal
\n\u2022 Sports stadium access route\/forecourt <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n\t E\/commercial <\/td> 1.5 msa <\/td> 100 large HGV\/week <\/td> \u2022 Industrial premises
\n\u2022 Lightly trafficked public roads
\n\u2022 Light industrial development
\n\u2022 Mixed retail\/industrial development
\n\u2022 Town square
\n\u2022 Footway with regular overrun
\n\u2022 Airport landside <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n\t F\/heavy traffic <\/td> 15 msa <\/td> 1000 large HGV\/week <\/td> \u2022 Main road
\n\u2022 Distribution centre
\n\u2022 Bus station (bus every 5 minutes)
\n\u2022 Roundabout
\n\u2022 Bus lane <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div><\/p>\nTraffic categories and sub base specification<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n
Why is it important to correctly specify transitions between permeable and impermeable paving?<\/h2>\n
<\/p>\nCan permeable paving be specified on sloping sites?<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n
What design considerations should be given to services in permeable paving systems?<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n
<\/p>\nWhere can I get advice on specifying permeable paving systems? <\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n