{"id":24382,"date":"2025-10-28T11:52:31","date_gmt":"2025-10-28T11:52:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tobermore.co.uk\/professional\/?p=24382"},"modified":"2025-10-30T11:33:59","modified_gmt":"2025-10-30T11:33:59","slug":"which-bound-concrete-paving-and-mortar-types-can-be-specified-for-roads-and-bus-routes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tobermore.co.uk\/professional\/blog\/which-bound-concrete-paving-and-mortar-types-can-be-specified-for-roads-and-bus-routes\/","title":{"rendered":"Which bound concrete paving and mortar types can be specified for roads and bus routes?"},"content":{"rendered":"

The traffic category of a road or a bus route is a key factor for the selection of suitable types of concrete paving, especially concrete block paving<\/a> and mortar. However, to deliver robust, high-performance concrete paving, the whole system \u2013 from the bound surface course at the top, down to the sub base below \u2013 must be specified and installed correctly.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

The traffic categories for bound paving start at one for pedestrian only applications and go through to category nine for an area that is trafficked by a high number of commercial vehicles.\u00a0<\/span><\/span>The<\/span><\/span>\u00a0categories are outlined in th<\/span><\/span>e table below<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t
Traffic category<\/th>Standard axles per day<\/th>Typical applications <\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
1<\/td>0<\/td>Pedestrian-only areas, including domestic applications. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>0<\/td>Pedestrian and cycle areas, domestic driveways. \u1d2e)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/td>0<\/td>Small car parks subject to car, light van and motorcycle access.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/td>1<\/td>Urban footways with no planned vehicular overrun. \u1d2c) Pedestrian areas used by light commercial vehicles, emergency vehicles and maintenance vehicles. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/td>\u22647<\/td>Pedestrian areas subjected to occasional overrun of commercial vehicles. Car parks receiving occasional commercial vehicular traffic. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6<\/td>\u226470<\/td>Adopted highways and commercial\/industrial developments used by a moderate number of commercial vehicles. Pedestrian areas subjected to regular overrun of commercial vehicles. Industrial premises. Petrol station forecourts. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/td>\u2264350<\/td>Adopted highways and commercial\/industrial developments used by a high number of commercial vehicles.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8*<\/td>\u22641400<\/td>As above<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9*<\/td>\u22644000<\/td>As above<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u1d2c) Where a pavement is to be used for occasional events or heavy goods vehicle loading, the pavement should be designed for that loading.
\n
\n\u1d2e) For bound construction, domestic driveways should be designed according to traffic category 3.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

Roads and bus routes\u00a0<\/span>are<\/span>\u00a0typically classed as either traffic category six or seven. Where the expected traffic takes the road or bus route into\u00a0<\/span>categories<\/span>\u00a0eight or nine, the manufacturer of the paving blocks should be contacted for technical advice.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Understanding the traffic category<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>ensures<\/span>\u00a0that the\u00a0whole system\u00a0is specified to\u00a0<\/span>accommodate<\/span>\u00a0the loading demands of roads and bus routes.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

In this blog, w<\/span>e will look at some of the critical design factors affecting category 6 and 7 roads and bus\u00a0<\/span>routes<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>F<\/span>or more comprehensive information, specifiers should always refer to\u00a0<\/span>BS 7533-101:2021<\/span><\/a>\u00a0 \u2018Pavements constructed with clay,\u00a0concrete\u00a0or natural stone paving units – Code of practice for the structural design of pavements using modular paving\u00a0units\u2019.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

When designing bound\u00a0concrete paving and mortar types for roads and bus routes, a subgrade assessment should always be carried out. The design California Bearing Ratio (CBR) should be assessed to\u00a0determine\u00a0the subgrade strength\u00a0in accordance with\u00a0BS 1377-4. If the CBR of the subgrade is below 2%,\u00a0it should be improved or replaced\u00a0<\/span>before<\/span>\u00a0construction. This blog deals with\u00a0<\/span>CBRs<\/span>\u00a0of 3% or better.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

How do traffic categories six and seven <\/span><\/b>impact<\/span><\/b>\u00a0specification of concrete paving blocks for roads and bus routes?<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

Traffic categories six and seven affect\u00a0several\u00a0areas when co<\/span>nsidering\u00a0<\/span>a suitable specification for concrete paving blocks of roads and bus routes.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Suitable bound system for concrete paving of roads and bus routes<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

The standard BS 7533-101:2021 refers to two methods of bound installation for concrete paving: System A and\u00a0<\/span>System<\/span>\u00a0B. Only a\u00a0<\/span>b<\/span>ound\u00a0<\/span>System<\/span>\u00a0B is suitable for traffic\u00a0<\/span>categories<\/span>\u00a0six and seven.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Bound system B refers to a bound surface course bonded to a concrete base. This is where a tensile adhesion bond of\u00a0not less than two MPa exists between all layers, connecting the surface unit with the base. To enable the best possible adhesion bond between paving units and mortar, paving units should be thoroughly cleaned prior to installation.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Base design thickness for<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span>concrete paving of roads and bus routes<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

The base course design thickness is dependent upon the loading and use of the concrete paving application. It starts at 100mm for pedestrian areas. For roads and bus routes, a thickness of 150mm is\u00a0required.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\n\t
Traffic category <\/th>Bound system B - Concrete base depth <\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
6<\/td>150mm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/td>150mm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

Minimum concrete block thickness for Bound B installation of roads and bus routes<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

For pedestrian areas, concrete block thickness can be as little as 50mm.\u00a0However, this rises to 60mm for category six and 80mm for category seven roads or bus routes.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\n\t
Traffic category <\/th>Minimum concrete block thickness<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
6<\/td>60mm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/td>80mm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

Laying patterns of concrete paving for roads and bus routes<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

Where an area is to\u00a0receive vehicular traffic, there are recommended laying patterns to maximise stability of the bound surface as laid out in the following table.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Recommended maximum traffic categories for typical laying patterns:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t
Traffic category - Bound surface course <\/th>Laying Pattern<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
5<\/td>Basketweave <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/td>Stack bond <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/td>45 degree herringbone<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/td>90 degree herringbone <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/td>45 degree stretcher bond<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/td>90 degree stretcher bond<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

As roads and bus routes are category 6 and above, basketweave and stack bond patterns should not be used.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

What materials are required for bound surface construction?<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

Several materials should<\/span>\u00a0be used in conjunction with bound surface construction.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
Braemar Ground Alto Silver, Arran Stone & Jura Grey – laid bound<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Proprietary bedding mortar<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

Proprietary bedding mortar should be produced\u00a0in accordance with\u00a0the characteristics in the table below<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0This material may be assumed to be non-frost susceptible.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t
Characteristics <\/th>Performance <\/th>Performance <\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
<\/td>Type 25 bedding mortar <\/td>Type 35 bedding mortar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Compressive strength \u1d2c)<\/td>\u226525 MPa<\/td>\u226535 MPa <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Flexural strength \u1d2c)<\/td>\u22653.5 MPa<\/td>\u22654.5 MPa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Modulus of elasticity \u1d2e)<\/td>(15000 \u00b1 3500) MPa<\/td>(18000 \u00b1 3500) MPa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Shrinkage \u1d9c)<\/td>\u22640.09%<\/td>\u22640.09%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Permeability \u1d30)<\/td>\u22655 x 10-5 m\/s<\/td>\u22655 x 10-5 m\/s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u1d2c) Measured in accordance with BS EN 13892-2 after 28 days.
\n\u1d2e) Measured in accordance with BS EN 13412 after 28 days.
\n\u1d9c) Measured in accordance with BS EN 12617-4:2002, Clause 6 after 56 days with curing in accordance with BS EN 12617-4:2002,A.1.2.
\n\u1d30) Measured in accordance with BS EN 12697-19.
\n
\nNote: In all situations, Type 25 mortar may be replaced with Type 35 mortar.
\nNote: Tests in BS EN 13892-2 for compressive and flexural strength and BS EN 13412 for modulus of elasticity need to be made concurrency in the same testing facility, which has UKAS accreditation or equivalent for one or more of the tests.
\nNote: Factory production control testing may be carried out in the producer's own laboratory. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Bonding mortar for bound surface construction<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

Bonding mortar is necessary in\u00a0<\/span>the\u00a0<\/span>Bound system B. It is a mix of cementitious binder and fine aggregate; it should not\u00a0contain\u00a0chemical admixtures which could reduce the water permeability of the cured bonding layer.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

It should be applied as a liquid slurry with a thick creamy consistency to the underside of the blocks to provide better adhesion with the bedding mortar.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Proprietary jointing mortar<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

The maximum aggregate particle size should\u00a0<\/span>not be<\/span>\u00a0greater than 40% of the joint width. The material used for jointing should be a cementitious slurry grout conforming to the following table.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t
Characteristics<\/th>Performance <\/th>Performance <\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
<\/td>Type 25 jointing mortar<\/td>Type 40 jointing mortar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Compressive strength \u1d2c)<\/td>\u226525 MPa<\/td>\u226540 MPa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Flexural strength \u1d2c)<\/td>\u22653.5 MPa<\/td>\u22656 MPa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Modulus of elasticity \u1d2e)<\/td>(18000 \u00b1 4000) MPa<\/td>(20000 \u00b1 4000) MPa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Shrinkage \u1d9c)<\/td>\u22640.15%<\/td>\u22640.15%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Adhesive Strength \u1d30)<\/td>\u22651.0 MPa<\/td>\u22651.5 MPa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Frost\/salt resistance class \u1d31)<\/td>\u22641500g\/m2<\/td>\u22641500g\/m2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u1d2c) Measured in accordance with BS EN 13892-2 after 28 days.
\n\u1d2e) Measured in accordance with BS EN 13412 after 28 days.
\n\u1d9c) Measured in accordance with BS EN 12617-4:2002, Clause 6 after 56 days with curing in accordance with BS EN 12617-4:2002,A.1.2.
\n\u1d30) Measured in accordance with BS EN 13892-8 after 28 days.
\n\u1d31) Measured in accordance with CEN\/TS 12390-90 after 28 cycles (CDF Test)
\nNote: Factory production control testing may be carried out in the producer\u2019s own laboratory.
\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

Note: A type 40 jointing mortar should be used in traffic categories four to seven,\u00a0<\/span>which<\/span>\u00a0includes roads and bus routes. It may also be used in traffic categories one to three.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u200b<\/span>\u200b<\/span>\u200b<\/span><\/span>When specifying concrete paving for roads and bus routes, ensuring that the correct concrete depth, block thickness, laying pattern and mortars have been chosen can be challenging. Consulting with a paving manufacturer with years of experience supplying product to similar projects is\u00a0a great way\u00a0to get reassurance that your specification will deliver the results you expect.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Proprietary bedding, <\/span><\/b>bonding<\/span><\/b>\u00a0and jointing mortars<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Proprietary bedding and jointing mortars are now used\u00a0frequently. There are\u00a0numerous\u00a0manufacturers of these products which meet the requirements of BS 7533.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Always follow the instructions provided by the mortar manufacturer<\/span>.<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Can permeable concrete paving be specified for roads and bus routes?<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Yes, permeable paving can be used for roads and bus routes. The surface water filters through the\u00a0joints between the permeable paving blocks into the\u00a0sub\u00a0base\u00a0aggregate below. This is rather than running off an impermeable surface into gullies that direct it into a drainage system.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Permeable paving can form part of Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS). For more information on how permeable paving can support roads and bus routes, read our blog on traffic categories for permeable paving<\/a>.<\/u><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>Where can I find out more about concrete paving solutions for roads and bus routes?<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Tobermore has a range of <\/span>non-permeable pavers<\/span><\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<\/span>permeable pavers<\/span><\/a>\u00a0that are suitable for use with roads and bus routes.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Craig McBride,\u00a0Tobermore\u2019s\u00a0Technical and Product Training Manager, comments:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u201cWhether your project requires a bound concrete paving or permeable paving solution, we have a range of concrete blocks that can deliver robust and attractive roads and bus routes. For a durable high-performance paved surface, we recognise the importance of ensuring the bedding, jointing and\u00a0sub\u00a0base\u00a0materials are correctly specified and installed. We support our customers through the provision of services that help with the specification of the\u00a0sub\u00a0base. Our experienced technical team are also on hand with advice and guidance on material choice and best installation practices.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/i>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

If you are looking for a concrete paving solution for roads or bus routes on your project,\u00a0<\/span>contact<\/span><\/a>\u00a0our technical team\u00a0<\/span>to answer your<\/span>\u00a0questions.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The traffic category of a road or a bus route is a key factor for…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":71,"featured_media":24424,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[972],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-24382","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-guides","tax_posts_products-block-paving"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nWhich bound concrete paving and mortar types can be specified for roads and bus routes? | Tobermore Commercial Block Paving<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"How bound concrete paving blocks can be specified on roads and bus routes to deliver robust, high performance paving solutions.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tobermore.co.uk\/professional\/blog\/which-bound-concrete-paving-and-mortar-types-can-be-specified-for-roads-and-bus-routes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Which bound concrete paving and mortar types can be specified for roads and bus routes?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"How bound concrete paving blocks can be specified on roads and bus routes to deliver robust, high performance paving solutions.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.tobermore.co.uk\/professional\/blog\/which-bound-concrete-paving-and-mortar-types-can-be-specified-for-roads-and-bus-routes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Professional\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-10-28T11:52:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-10-30T11:33:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.tobermore.co.uk\/professional\/wp-content\/uploads\/which-bound-concrete-paving-and-mortor-types-can-be-specified-for-roads-and-bus-routes-blog-7-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2048\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1152\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Sam McBride\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Which bound concrete paving and mortar types can be specified for roads and bus routes?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"How bound concrete paving blocks can be specified on roads and bus routes to deliver robust, high performance paving solutions.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.tobermore.co.uk\/professional\/wp-content\/uploads\/which-bound-concrete-paving-and-mortor-types-can-be-specified-for-roads-and-bus-routes-blog-7-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Sam McBride\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.tobermore.co.uk\/professional\/blog\/which-bound-concrete-paving-and-mortar-types-can-be-specified-for-roads-and-bus-routes\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.tobermore.co.uk\/professional\/blog\/which-bound-concrete-paving-and-mortar-types-can-be-specified-for-roads-and-bus-routes\/\",\"name\":\"Which bound concrete paving and mortar types can be specified for roads and bus routes? 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